Workload Measurement Method for Manned Vehicles in Multitasking Environments

Workload (WL) measurement is a crucial foundation for human–machine collaboration, particularly in high-stress multitasking environments such as manned vehicle operations during emergencies, where operators often experience High Workload (HWL) levels, increasing the risk of human error. To address this challenge, this study introduces a novel WL measurement method that combines Task Demand Load (TDL) and Subject Load Capacity (SLC) to quantitatively assess operator workload. This method was validated through experiments with 45 subjects using the Environmental Control and Atmospheric Regeneration (ECAR) system. The statistical results showed that as the designed WL levels increased, the Average Workload (AWL), the NASA-TLX score, and the work time percentage increased significantly, while the task accuracy and the fixation duration decreased significantly. These results also revealed the impact of WL levels on human responses (such as subjective feeling, work performance, and eye movement). In addition, very strong correlations were found between AWL measurements and NASA-TLX scores (r = 0.75, p < 0.01), task accuracy (r = −0.73, p < 0.01), and work time percentage (r = 0.97, p < 0.01). Overall, these results proved the effectiveness of the proposed method for measuring WL. On this basis, this study defined WL thresholds by integrating task accuracy with AWL calculations, providing a framework for the dynamic management of task allocation between humans and machines to maintain operators within optimal WL ranges.