VIS–IR Bilateral Modulation of All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on Two Principles: Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Ions-Electrons Dual Circulation

The based on WO₃ electrochromic devices (ECDs) is developing, but it remains a challenge to design all-solid-state ECDs that cover the VIS–IR spectrum with high stability, fast switching rate, and a wide tunable emissivity range. It is important to design ECD that synergistically modulates the smart thermodynamic cover in a wide spectral range. Here, the bilateral modulation process provides a new strategy for the design and fabrication of VIS–IR ECDs. The bilateral modulation of all-solid-state ECD with an ITO/Ti-doped ITO/LiNbO₃/NiO_x/ITO-glass structure that has a low energy consumption (± 1.5 V) is reported. Its modulation is based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the traditional electrochromic processes. IR is regulated on the Ti-doped ITO, VIS is regulated on the NiO_x. The Δε of the ECD in the range of 1.25–2.5, 3–5, 8–14, 2.5–25, 14–25, and 1.25–28.6 µm are 0.50, 0.51, 0.48, 0.35, 0.33, and 0.32, respectively, and ΔT is 18.9% at 489 nm. It has a fast switching time of 0.5 and 2.7 s, and a cycling life of 10⁴ cycles in IR. It also highlights the potential of combining two modulation principles in one ECD to achieve dual-band modulation of VIS–IR under the same processing voltage.