TOPSIS analysis and failure mechanism of low-velocity impact behavior of S-glass/aramid fiber reinforced hybrid composite laminates

Hybrid fiber design has great potential to enhance the mechanical properties of laminates and is widely applied in aerospace and automotive industries. However, there is limited research on hybrid fiber-reinforced laminates (HFRP) where both sides consist of glass fibers. This study employs multicriteria decision analysis and experimental methods to investigate the hybrid effects on the failure mechanisms of S-glass/aramid HFRP under low-velocity impact. Different impact energies (5 J, 10 J, and 20 J), glass fiber/aramid fiber ratios, and fiber arrangements were designed and applied in the experiments. The results demonstrate that HFRP laminates exhibit a positive hybrid effect, with pure fiber laminates being the worst design. Under the asymmetric arrangement, the energy dissipation of HFRP surpasses that of pure glass fiber by 56 %. Through experiments and TOPSIS verification, this configuration enhances the resistance to low-velocity impacts, providing key data for optimizing lightweight, impact resistant structures in aerospace applications.