Studies on Foam Decay Trend and Influence of Temperature Jump on Foam Stability in Sclerotherapy

Objectives: This study investigated the influence of temperature jump and liquid–gas ratio on foam stability to derive the foam-decay law. Methods: The experimental group conditions were as follows: mutation temperatures (10°C, 16°C, 20°C, 23°C, 25°C, and 27°C to >37°C) and liquid–gas ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). The control group conditions were as follows: temperatures (10°C, 16°C, 20°C, 23°C, 25°C and 27°C) and liquid–gas ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). A homemade device manufactured using the Tessari DSS method was used to prepare the foam. The decay process was videotape recorded. In the drainage rate curve, the temperature rose, and the liquid–gas ratio varied from 1:1 to 1:4, causing faster decay. Results: In the entire process, the foam volume decreased with increasing drainage rate. The relationships were almost linear. Comparison of the experimental and control groups shows that the temperature jump results in a drainage time range of 1 to 15 seconds. The half-life ranges from 10 to 30 seconds. The maximum rate is 18.85%. Changes in the preparation temperature yields a drainage time range of 3 to 30 seconds. The half-life varies from 20 to 60 seconds. Conclusion: Decreasing the temperature jump range and liquid–gas ratio gradually enhances the foam stability. The foam decay time and drainage rate exhibit an exponential function distribution.