Single-Crystal SnSe Thermoelectric Fibers via Laser-Induced Directional Crystallization: From 1D Fibers to Multidimensional Fabrics

Single-crystal tin selenide (SnSe), a record holder of high-performance thermoelectric materials, enables high-efficient interconversion between heat and electricity for power generation or refrigeration. However, the rigid bulky SnSe cannot satisfy the applications for flexible and wearable devices. Here, a method is demonstrated to achieve ultralong single-crystal SnSe wire with rock-salt structure and high thermoelectric performance with diameters from micro- to nanoscale. This method starts from thermally drawing SnSe into a flexible fiber-like substrate, which is polycrystalline, highly flexible, ultralong, and mechanically stable. Then a CO₂ laser is employed to recrystallize the SnSe core to single-crystal over the entire fiber. Both theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the single-crystal rock-salt SnSe fibers possess high thermoelectric properties, significantly enhancing the ZT value to 2 at 862 K. This simple and low-cost approach offers a promising path to engage the fiber-shaped single-crystal materials in applications from 1D fiber devices to multidimensional wearable fabrics.