Shaping effect of phase-locked loop on impedance characteristics of PMSG wind turbines connected to weak-grid

With the booming installed capacity of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind energy generation, the grid becomes weaker and the oscillation events are frequently observed in weak-grid-tied large-scale grid-connected PMSG wind farms. Although the impedance-based method is effective to analyze the stability of grid-connected systems, the mathematical relationship between external impedance characteristics and the internal controllers has not been quantitatively analyzed in depth, which is beneficial to the controller design. This paper studies the influence of phase-locked loop (PLL) on the impedance characteristics based on the analytical sequence impedance model of PMSG with typical topology and control structure. The shaping effect of PLL on the impedance characteristics is described so as to clearly describe the relationship between the external impedance characteristics of the wind turbines and the internal controller. Finally, the stability analysis of the grid-connected PMSG wind turbine system is provided in Matlab and simulation results are given to verify the oscillating mechanism caused by PLL.