Research on Model-Driven Integrated Simulation Technology for Space-Based Support

Objective Space-based information support is a core component of modern operational systems. It acquires, transmits, and processes information through space-based platforms to provide full-process, round-the-clock information support for remote precision strikes. Therefore, digital simulation and verification of space-based information support systems have become key means for combat concept design, scheme demonstration, and rapid capability iteration. This study examines the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE) to integrated simulation of space-based support operations. The objective is to address key challenges in information representation, system interoperability, and integrated simulation in complex combat systems. To overcome the limitations of traditional simulation approaches in cross-platform collaboration, dynamic extensibility, and efficient integration of functional logic with spatiotemporal information, a multi-perspective modeling and simulation method based on the Discrete EVent System specification(DEVS) is proposed. A hybrid integrated simulation framework is constructed. Methods The proposed framework enables abstract interconnection of weapon and equipment models, plug- and-play integration of simulation resources, precise global time synchronization, and high-performance real-time communication. These capabilities are achieved through four core modules: data integration management, heterogeneous software adapters, time management control, and publish-subscribe mechanisms. The framework supports interoperability and reusability of heterogeneous simulation software. On this basis, a joint simulation system is designed by integrating system architecture development and verification software with spatiotemporal simulation software for visualization and reasoning. Message middleware supports bidirectional synchronous interaction between state machines and spatiotemporal models, enabling closed-loop verification from combat concepts to digital inference. The core contribution of this research is the removal of long-standing separation between discrete event logic describing combat functions, information flow, and state machines, typically modeled using Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and continuous physical scenes, such as spatiotemporal motion and sensor coverage, constructed on visualization and deduction platforms. Through real-time bidirectional data exchange enabled by message middleware, discrete command decisions drive continuous platform behavior, whereas dynamic changes in battlefield conditions trigger corresponding combat responses. Results and Discussions A complete closed-loop simulation of a “maritime island and reef reconnaissance support denial operation” scenario is conducted using the joint simulation system, producing effective verification results. The simulation reproduces the full process from space-based target detection to coordinated regional denial by multi-domain forces. First, a capability-activity-equipment analysis model for the combat mission is developed using the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF), generating equipment interaction relationships and corresponding state machines. In parallel, continuous construction of the combat scenario is implemented on the visualization and deduction platform. The entire deduction process is precisely synchronized with physical motion through the state machine model deployed in the system architecture development and verification platform. Each state transition, such as “target detection,” “strike initiation,” and “effect evaluation,” triggers corresponding spatiotemporal simulation activities. Platform states and environmental data fed back from the visualization and deduction platform then drive subsequent state machine evolution. Through joint simulation, the rationality and feasibility of the operational concept, in which multi-domain unmanned forces conduct reconnaissance, deterrence, and denial under space-based information support, are verified. The results provide an intuitive and high-confidence basis for decision-making in system scheme optimization. Conclusions This study investigates the application of model-driven technology to the design and validation of space-based support joint operation systems. A joint simulation framework enabling deep integration of functional logic and physical scenarios is constructed and validated. Unlike conventional simulation approaches that focus on static structures or isolated functions, the proposed framework couples SysML-based discrete event logic models with continuous spatiotemporal dynamic models through a distributed architecture consisting of one core platform and multiple component adapters. This approach resolves the long-standing separation between functional modeling and scene simulation. Discrete behaviors, such as command decision-making and state transitions, directly drive platform movement and interaction within realistic spatiotemporal environments. Conversely, dynamic battlefield changes provide real-time feedback that affects higher-level logical decisions, forming a bidirectional closed loop. The framework integrates the precision of functional logic with the intuitiveness of scene simulation and enables realistic reproduction of multi-domain collaborative operations in digital space. It provides effective support for system design, operational deduction, and high-confidence verification of space-based support joint operation systems.