R-process in supernovae and Gamma-ray bursts

We study r-process nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven winds of Type II supernovae (SNe), binary neutron-star mergers, and magneto-hydrodynamic jets in view of recent astronomical observations of r-process elements in metal-deficient stars and new nuclear reaction data. Universality in observed abundance pattern and total ejected yields of the r-elements from single episode of each candidate site are used to identify the astrophysical site of the r-process. Neutrinos play the critical roles in light element synthesis as well as r-process. Elemental abundances are affected strongly by neutrino oscillations (MSW effect) through the SN ν-process nucleosynthesis. We find that unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, i.e. mass hierarchy and mixing angle θ₁₃, are simultaneously constrained by the Li/B ratio from SN nucleosynthesis. Gamma ray burst (GRB) nucleosynthesis in contrast is expected to be relatively free from thermal neutrino effects because of black hole (BH) formation insteard of neutron star. We find that the abundance pattern is totally different from ordinary SN nucleosynthesis.