Promoting private EV charger sharing: Willingness to pay and grid integration

Charging infrastructure scarcity remains a major barrier to electric vehicle (EV) adoption, with global vehicle-to-charger ratios consistently falling short of policy targets. Private chargers, which are often underutilized, present significant sharing potential to relieve infrastructure shortages. This study explores private charger sharing (PCS) by quantifying Beijing EV owners’ willingness to pay (WTP) through a discrete choice experiment involving 1,209 respondents and by assessing its implications for grid operation. The findings show that WTP for shared chargers exceeds that for private ones across all time periods, with urban residents and private car owners demonstrating stronger preferences. Simulation results indicate that time-of-use pricing can reduce annual grid operating costs by ¥91.59 million by flattening load curves, improving peak-valley balance, and enhancing renewable energy integration. PCS, particularly when combined with smart scheduling and vehicle-to-grid functions, is regarded as a promising solution.