Predictive modeling of extruded filament in the air for bioink in direct ink writing using numerical simulation

Direct ink writing (DIW) is the most widespread 3D printing process for manufacturing parts with bioink. In this paper, a predictive model of extruded filament in the air for bioink in DIW is established using numerical simulation. The predictive model fully considers the complete factors including bioink's material properties, extrusion tool's dimensions and process parameters. This simulation model can be used to predict velocity field and shape of extruded filament in the air which are important parameters for DIW process quality evaluation, control and optimization. The proposed predictive model is then validated through comparison between simulation and experimental results.