Porous A-SnO₂/rGO Nanocomposite via Annealing Treatment with Stable High-Capacity as Anode of Lithium-Ion Battery

Porous tin oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite is prepared by in situ growth tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles on the surface of well reduced graphene oxide (rGO) under hydrothermal condition followed by annealing treatment. The SnO₂ nanoparticles are crystallized and uniform with the sizes of about 4–8 nm, the rGO matrix is constructed by 7–8 monosheets of graphene, and there are C−O-Sn bonds between the SnO₂ and rGO matrix. The resultant A-SnO₂/rGO (annealed SnO₂ and rGO) nanocomposite has a large specific surface area of 161.8 m² g⁻¹ with the pore size distribution mainly in the micropore and small mesopore ranges (1-11 nm). Used as the anode of lithium ion battery, the A-SnO₂/rGO electrode may deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 1871.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, presenting its large specific capacity property. When the current density enhances to 5 C, a good discharge capacity of 262.2 mAh g⁻¹ can be obtained, showing its superior rate capability. A fascinating large discharge capacity of 885.2 mAh g⁻¹ may be obtained after 150 cycles at 0.1 C and a discharge capacity of 414.2 mAh g⁻¹ can be gotten after 300 cycles at 1 C, indicating its excellent cyclic stability.