Pedestrian evacuation dynamics considering information guidance

Suitable information of routes and exits can help guide evacuees to approach the expected destinations more efficiently in case of emergencies, such as fire accidents, terrorist attacks and power failures. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the dynamics of two patterns of guided crowd evacuation. One is source-guided crowd evacuation, and the other is leader-guided crowd evacuation. In source-guided crowd evacuation, sources located in fixed positions diffuse information to evacuees around them in a certain form such as light, sound and smell. However, in the leader-guided crowd evacuation, leaders convey information to evacuees they encounter along their trajectories by means of word-of-mouth communication. First, considering wall-following, herding, and inertia behaviors, a mesoscopic model is established to formulate the movement of uninformed pedestrians without information guidance. Then, considering information guidance, a set of movement rules are constructed to describe the evolution dynamics of crowds comprising uninformed and informed pedestrians. Further, the implementation of the simulation models reveals the subtle effects of the initial position of information sources, the propagation velocity of information sources, and the initial distribution of leaders on the evacuation efficiency of crowds. This study gives new insights into the design of information guidance systems in pedestrian walking facilities.