Payback trade-offs from the electrolyte design between energy efficiency and lifespan in zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) present a transformative avenue in electrochemical energy storage technologies, leveraging zinc anodes and aqueous electrolytes for safety and cost-effectiveness. The primary challenge of mitigating zinc dendrite formation in these batteries is addressed through electrolyte strategies, focusing on reducing water activities. Despite advancements in extending cycle life, a trade-off emerges between enhanced cycling performances and increased polarization, impacting energy efficiency. This often-overlooked concern becomes crucial when considering the payback period in energy storage systems. Experimental data illustrate the intricate relationship among electrolyte modifications, polarization, cycle life, and energy efficiency. The economic implications are scrutinized, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach in the electrolyte development to optimize service life without compromising energy efficiency. Striking this balance is imperative for the economic viability and environmental efficacy of AZIBs in sustainable energy storage solutions.