TY - JOUR
T1 - Path loss models for wireless cardiac RF communication
AU - Fang, Xiao
AU - Ramzan, Mehrab
AU - Wang, Qiong
AU - Neumann, Niels
AU - Du, Xufeng
AU - Plettemeier, Dirk
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2002-2011 IEEE.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - In this letter, we propose fundamental path loss (PL) models which play vital roles in promoting the intraheart communication system design of future deeply implanted leadless pacemakers inside the cardiac chambers. Initially, employing a plane wave approach yields the attenuation of the electric field in homogeneous heart tissue, while a modified Friis equation in the lossy medium is utilized to evaluate the power transmission between transmitting and receiving antennas in homogeneous heart tissue in the far-field zone. An Hertzian dipole excitation is used to separate the mismatch and ohmic losses of the antenna from the path loss in an anatomical human body simulation environment. Based on this theoretical and full-wave simulation setup, PL models are derived and comprehensively compared at different potential frequency bands [Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) 402 - 405 MHz, Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) 608-614 MHz, Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) 867-869 MHz, and 2400-2500 MHz], and the validity of applying the Friis equation in this scenario is verified.
AB - In this letter, we propose fundamental path loss (PL) models which play vital roles in promoting the intraheart communication system design of future deeply implanted leadless pacemakers inside the cardiac chambers. Initially, employing a plane wave approach yields the attenuation of the electric field in homogeneous heart tissue, while a modified Friis equation in the lossy medium is utilized to evaluate the power transmission between transmitting and receiving antennas in homogeneous heart tissue in the far-field zone. An Hertzian dipole excitation is used to separate the mismatch and ohmic losses of the antenna from the path loss in an anatomical human body simulation environment. Based on this theoretical and full-wave simulation setup, PL models are derived and comprehensively compared at different potential frequency bands [Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) 402 - 405 MHz, Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) 608-614 MHz, Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) 867-869 MHz, and 2400-2500 MHz], and the validity of applying the Friis equation in this scenario is verified.
KW - Electromagnetic propagation in absorbing media
KW - Friis equation
KW - Hertzian dipole
KW - leadless pacemaker
KW - path loss models
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85103155083
U2 - 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3066546
DO - 10.1109/LAWP.2021.3066546
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:85103155083
SN - 1536-1225
VL - 20
SP - 893
EP - 897
JO - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
JF - IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
IS - 6
M1 - 9380669
ER -