Optimizing Spatial Resolution of Antenna Arrays Towards Distributed Electromagnetic Environment Monitoring

Electromagnetic environment monitoring is crucial to ensure safety under electromagnetic exposure. Yet commonly adopted antenna design methods are often inadequate for distributed sensing arrays. This paper presents a theoretical framework for optimizing antenna array configurations to enhance spatial resolution in EM monitoring. The framework defines spatial resolution based on source distinguishability and links it via analytical models to antenna radiation patterns, physical parameters, and inter-element spacing. Key design constraints - feed density, physical layout, far-field operation, and mutual coupling - are systematically incorporated. Simulations using an ideal source model validated theoretical predictions for spatial resolution and feed density, showing good agreement. This research provides a structured approach to antenna array design, prioritizing overall environmental sensing performance over individual element optimization.