Novel model for evaluating ground settlement risk in slurry balance shield tunnel construction

This paper introduces an integrated approach for assessing and managing the risk of ground settlement induced by slurry balance shield tunnel construction. The methodology combines the System Theoretical Process Analysis (STPA) and the Visekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) methods. STPA is used to identify potential factors contributing to ground settlement, and while VIKOR calculates the Q-value related to the risk grade. By fitting the field measurements and corresponding Q-values, a classification principle for risk level is derived. The efficacy of the model is demonstrated through an analysis of the Chunfeng tunnel in Shenzhen. The quadratic fitting results are used to classify the risk level. and the results of risk classification are as follows: Risk level I: Q < 0.57, II:0.57 ≤ Q < 0.74, III: Q ≥ 0.74. Yielding results are consistent with on-site settlement monitoring. To enhance practical application, the model is integrated into the Building Information Modelling (BIM) platform of the Shenzhen Chunfeng tunnel, enabling 3D visualization-based management. Ultimately, this proposed model offers valuable insights and methodologies for the assessment and management of ground-settlement risks.