Non-Cooperative LEO Satellite Orbit Determination Using Pseudorange Based on Single Station

Non-cooperative low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have promising applications, the prerequisite of obtaining accurate orbits. In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative LEO satellite orbit determination method using pseudorange with only a single station, which is less affected by interference, occlusion, and weather changes, has low hardware cost, and is free from space-time reference unification and information transmission between receivers. The single station extracts pseudorange observations from signals of opportunity (SOPs), and then the observations are processed by a batch least squares (LS) filter to estimate orbit. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by the real experiment, taking Iridium as an example. According to the result, the determined orbit has accuracy comparable to Two-Line Elements (TLE), and the predicted errors of elevation azimuth and Doppler frequency deviation after 3 days are within 0.15°, 2.5°, and 120 Hz, respectively.