Multicultural perspective of negative mood states in long-term isolation and confinement

Living and working in space missions and isolated, confined and extreme environments induces jeopardize physiological system for subjects due to microgravity, radiation and disordered sleep rhythm [1]. At the same time, besides these physiological challenges, studies of space missions and earth-based experiments such as polar explorations, isolated and confined simulations have provided strong evidences that psychosocial factors, stress, anxiety, depression for instance, would pose negative impact on missions' safety, performance, and would impair interpersonal relationship even lead to conflicts [2].