Joint calibration method for a dynamic light-pen measurement system

A dynamic light-pen measurement system equipped with a galvanometer-based camera enables active optical-axis steering, allowing the object to remain within the high-accuracy imaging region while supporting high-resolution imaging during motion. However, the system contains multiple coupled parameters, making conventional separate calibration prone to error accumulation. In this paper, a joint calibration framework for dynamic light-pen measurement systems is proposed. A regularized consistency-constrained method is developed to jointly estimate galvanometer and probe-tip parameters by enforcing cross-view probe-tip consistency. In addition, a constrained bundle-adjustment approach is introduced to calibrate the structural parameters of the light pen. Experimental results demonstrate improved geometric consistency and higher three-dimensional measurement accuracy compared with separate calibration methods.