Interaction between cement clinker constituents and clay minerals and their influence on the strength of cement-based stabilized soft clay

The strength of cement-based stabilized clay is less than that of concrete and mortar and shows a distinct variability owing to the existence of various clay minerals. To better understand the cement–clay reactions and the strength generation, two artificial clays with the unique clay mineral and major strength-producing constituents of cement clinker were investigated via mechanical, compositional, and microstructural analyses. Results show that C₃A-stabilized clay gains strength rapidly in the first 3 days, but this favourable tendency vanishes over time. After 90 days of curing, the strength of C₃S-stabilized clay is about four times that of the corresponding C₃A-stabilized clay, indicating the remarkable long-term stabilization efficiency of C₃S. Furthermore, clay minerals primarily draw into strength evolution in the reaction process. Despite that bentonite is more reactive than kaolin as long as the highly alkaline conditions persist, it has a higher probability to flocculate into large aggregates during the mixing process, which may impair the reaction efficiency and even brings adverse stabilization effects, suggesting the importance of uniformity control.