Implementation of broadband acoustic impedance for locally and non-locally reacting perforated plate liners in a time-domain boundary element method

Acoustic impedance is a key parameter for characterizing liner performance, and the development of time-domain impedance models facilitates the analysis of transient problems in complex acoustic environments. This study introduces a broadband impedance implementation within the two-dimensional time-domain boundary element method and further extends it to transfer impedance for modeling non-locally reacting liners. Validation through representative numerical and experimental cases demonstrates that the broadband impedance model can accurately capture the frequency-dependent characteristics of liners, and exhibits broader applicability to both locally and non-locally reacting liners. The results confirm that the proposed method offers clear advantages in terms of physical fidelity and numerical robustness, providing an efficient tool for liner design and noise reduction optimization in complex acoustic fields.