Dynamic Peripheral Hemoperfusion Distribution Monitoring Based on Janus Flexible Sensor System

Objective: Peripheral vascular disease is a worldwide leading health concern. Real-time peripheral hemoperfusion monitoring during treatment is essential to plan treatment strategies to improve circulatory enhancement effects. Methods: The present work establishes a Janus flexible perfusion (JFP) sensor system for dynamic peripheral hemoperfusion monitoring. We develop a Janus structure with different Young’s modulus to improve the mechanical properties for motion artifacts suppression. Besides, we propose a peripheral perfusion index (PPI) based on an optical perfusion model that is experimentally verified using an in-vitro model. The effectiveness of the system is assessed in three experimental scenarios, including motion artifact-robust test, induced vascular occlusion, and peripheral hemoperfusion monitoring with the intermittent pneumatic compression treatment. Results: The noise level of the traditional rigid sensor is five times that of the JFP sensor within the effective signal frequency domain when there is movement. The PPI can effectively discriminate between different peripheral hemoperfusion states and has a correlation coefficient of 0.92 with the Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) mean values. The kappa statistic between the JFP sensor and LDF is 0.78, indicating substantial agreement to estimate the peripheral hemoperfusion improvements. Conclusion: The sensor system we proposed can monitor peripheral hemoperfusion variation in real-time and is insensitive to motion artifacts. Significance: The proposed sensing system provides a functional module for real-time estimation of peripheral hemoperfusion during clinical interventions.