Dynamic modeling of neuromodulation techniques: Towards elaboration and individual specificity

Neurological disorders place a significant burden on patients, their families, and society, posing immense scientific challenges in terms of treatment and mechanistic research. Neuromodulation involves the application of invasive or non-invasive technologies to externally manipulate the nervous system of the brain, aiming to provide excitatory or inhibitory modulation that can improve abnormal neural activity. In the previous studies, neurodynamic analysis methods have not only provided novel tools for the study of neuromodulation techniques, but also provided new modulation strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the current state of dynamic modeling and analysis for various neuromodulation techniques, including electrical, optical, magnetical, and ultrasonic approaches, and discuss the future prospects of modeling and analysis developments in neuromodulation.