Correlation of substorm injections, auroral modulations, and ground Pi2

In this case study we report a substorm, 23 March 2007, which exhibited oscillations with a period of ∼135 s in three substorm phenomena all of which were one-to-one correlated. The in-situ observations are from one THEMIS spacecraft (8.3 R_E geocentric distance) and the geosynchronous LANL-97A spacecraft. The focus here is on the intensification phase during which THEMIS was conjugate to the region of auroral brightening and its foot point was near the high-latitude ground station Kiana. The following results will be demonstrated: (1) THEMIS and LANL-97A (time-delayed)recorded periodic ion injections (>100 keV). (2) Near-conjugate high-latitude ground magnetometer data show very large Pi2 (δH∼150 nT) with a 6-s time delay compared to the THEMIS ion injections. (3) Low-latitude ground magnetometer data also show Pi2 with the same waveform as the high-latitude Pi2 but with longer time delays (20-31 s). (4) Auroral luminosity was periodically modulated during the intensification phase. (5) All three signatures (ion injections, ground Pi2, optical modulation) had the same periodicity of ∼135 s but with various time delays with respect to the THEMIS ion injections. These observations demonstrate that the three substorm phenomena had a common source which controlled the periodicity.