Congestion-aware message forwarding in delay tolerant networks: A community perspective

Summary In delay tolerant networks, most of the existing message forwarding algorithms prefer to deliver messages to the nodes with a higher popularity or centrality in the hope of maximizing the delivery ratio or minimizing the end-to-end delay. This forwarding scheme is prone to cause unfair load distribution and further lead to network congestion, overlooked in the previous work. In this paper, we discuss the network congestion from a community perspective and take it into account the design of message forwarding algorithms. We first put forward a novel distributed community detection approach, which could track the evolution of communities. Based on the identified communities, we develop a congestion avoidance mechanism to divert the load away from the congested areas to the alternative custodians and further present a congestion-aware message forwarding algorithm where messages can avoid being transmitted to the congested nodes. We finally evaluate the effectiveness of distributed community detection and congestion-aware message forwarding through the extensive real-trace driven simulations.