Comparative study on the performance of different thermal management for energy storage lithium battery

A high-capacity energy storage lithium battery thermal management system (BTMS) was established in this study and experimentally validated. The effects of parameters including flow channel structure and coolant conditions on battery heat generation characteristics were comparative investigated under air-cooled and liquid-cooled methods. The results indicate that in the air-cooled system, implementing an appropriate flow channel structure and incorporating guide plates and heat exchange fins at the bottom of module effectively improves cooling efficiency and enhances temperature uniformity. Compared to the initial module, there is a reduction in the maximum temperature rise of 1.3 K (10.9 %) and a decrease in the maximum temperature difference of 1.0 K (47.6 %). In the liquid-cooled system, adopting the spiral-reverse cold plate effectively mitigates localized high temperatures, reducing the maximum temperature difference of 0.8 K (57.1 %). For both air-cooled and liquid-cooled BTMSs, decreasing the coolant temperature decreases battery temperature rises while increasing the maximum temperature difference. Increasing the coolant flow rate simultaneously reduces battery temperature rises and the maximum temperature difference. The liquid-cooled system exhibits superior homogeneous temperature characteristics compared to the air-cooled. Both thermal management techniques can achieve levels below 10 °C.