Biosafety and osteogenic properties of a new type of absorbable magnesium-based amorphous alloy

The treatment of bone defects has always been a difficult problem in orthopedic clinical practice, and research on new materials is currently a hot topic. In this study, the biological safety and bone induction ability of a new magnesium-based amorphous alloy (Mg₆₆Zn₃₀Ca₃Sr₁) and zinc–magnesium powder were verified and compared in animal experiments. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and a bone defect was made in the lateral condyle of the femur of the left hind limb. The blank group closed the wound after establishing the bone defect model, the control group added zinc–magnesium powder and chondroitin sulfate gel, and the experimental group added magnesium–zinc–calcium–strontium alloy and chondroitin sulfate gel with the same volume. Peripheral venous blood of rats was collected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, magnesium ion, and zinc ion levels were evaluated. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), core binding factor α1 (RUNX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the rats were euthanized, samples were taken. X-rays and micro-computed tomography (CT) images of the bone defect were obtained, and hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were performed. This study shows that amorphous magnesium–zinc–calcium–strontium alloy is a biodegradable metal with good biocompatibility and bone induction and has good application prospects in treating bone defects.