TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment for upper limb motor function in stroke survivors using a virtual box and block test(VBBT) system
T2 - A feasibility and age-related study
AU - Dong, Ying
AU - Huang, Fubiao
AU - Liu, Xiaoyu
AU - Tang, Min
AU - Xu, Zhihua
AU - Tian, Yifan
AU - Zhang, Yingxin
AU - Ji, Xiang
AU - Zhang, Jinqin
AU - Chen, Di
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 The Authors
PY - 2026/8
Y1 - 2026/8
N2 - Upper limb (UL) motor function declines with age in healthy individuals, yet many technology-based assessment tools for stroke survivors lack specific age-related normative ranges and robust clinimetric validation. The present study is to investigate the cliniparameter properties of a virtual box and block test (VBBT) system for assessing UL motor function in stroke survivors, with a focus on test-retest reliability, validity and age-related range of each kinematic and kinetic parameters. A total of 113 healthy adults and 16 stroke survivors were enrolled. Four VBBT-derived parameters, including mean velocity (MV), time to peak velocity (TPV), spectral arc length of grip force (SPARC-PF), and location time (LT) were analyzed. Results showed that all VBBT parameters demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.68–0.75), and moderate to strong correlations to conventional clinical assessments, supporting concurrent validity. As all parameters were effected by age (r = 0.632–0.746), the normative ranges corresponding to specific ages can be calculated using a quadratic polynomial with age as the independent variable. Results indicated that the VBBT is a reliable, valid, and age-sensitive tool for assessing UL motor function after stroke. It addressed key limitations of traditional assessments and holds promise for precision rehabilitation and outcome monitoring.
AB - Upper limb (UL) motor function declines with age in healthy individuals, yet many technology-based assessment tools for stroke survivors lack specific age-related normative ranges and robust clinimetric validation. The present study is to investigate the cliniparameter properties of a virtual box and block test (VBBT) system for assessing UL motor function in stroke survivors, with a focus on test-retest reliability, validity and age-related range of each kinematic and kinetic parameters. A total of 113 healthy adults and 16 stroke survivors were enrolled. Four VBBT-derived parameters, including mean velocity (MV), time to peak velocity (TPV), spectral arc length of grip force (SPARC-PF), and location time (LT) were analyzed. Results showed that all VBBT parameters demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.68–0.75), and moderate to strong correlations to conventional clinical assessments, supporting concurrent validity. As all parameters were effected by age (r = 0.632–0.746), the normative ranges corresponding to specific ages can be calculated using a quadratic polynomial with age as the independent variable. Results indicated that the VBBT is a reliable, valid, and age-sensitive tool for assessing UL motor function after stroke. It addressed key limitations of traditional assessments and holds promise for precision rehabilitation and outcome monitoring.
KW - Normative ranges
KW - Reliability
KW - Stroke
KW - Validity
KW - Virtual box and block test
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105039642306
U2 - 10.1016/j.medntd.2026.100440
DO - 10.1016/j.medntd.2026.100440
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:105039642306
SN - 2590-0935
VL - 31
JO - Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices
JF - Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices
M1 - 100440
ER -