A systematic review of DVT and stent restenosis after stent implantation for iliac vein compression syndrome

Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a common venous disease caused by joint compression of the right common iliac artery and the lumbosacral vertebrae. The compression of iliac vein not only causes venous hypertension in the lower extremities, but also induces venous valve dysfunction and superficial varicose veins in lower extremities. Moreover, the compression of iliac vein is an important potential factor for iliofemoral vein thrombosis. Currently, open surgery and stent implantation are the main treatment for IVCS. Due to the advantages of minimally invasive and postoperative patency, stent implantation for IVCS has gradually become the standard treatment. However, when the stent is implanted into the iliac vein to treat IVCS, the complications, such as restenosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) appear, which affect the patency of stent and hamper the patient recovery. Up to now, the mechanism how the stent implantation induces the restenosis and DVT is still unclear. In this review, we summarized the clinical symptoms, treatment methods of IVCS and the complications after stent implantation, and analyzed the mechanism of stent restenosis and DVT, and finally discuss the iliac vein stent design specifically for treating IVCS.