A Self-Calibration SOC Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Battery

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is essential for the battery management system (BMS). In engineering, inappropriate selection of equivalent circuit model (ECM) and model parameters is common for lithium-ion batteries. This can result in systematic errors (i.e., modeling errors) in the state-space equation, thus affecting the SOC estimation accuracy. To address this problem, this paper proposes a self-calibration method. In the method, a novel state-space equation containing an unknown systematic error term is developed based on the Thevenin model. A self-calibration unscented Kalman filter (SC-UKF) algorithm is then introduced for recursive SOC estimation. The algorithm can automatically recognize and calibrate the unknown systematic error in the state equation, while also reducing the random noise effect through data fusion with the measurement equation. Test results demonstrate that the method can effectively correct the Thevenin modeling error and improve SOC estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed method is computationally simple and convenient for engineering applications without increasing model complexity.