A pullout model for inclined carbon nanotube

The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced composites would mainly depend on the pullout behavior of carbon nanotubes which are randomly distributed in matrix. In this paper, an analytical pullout model is developed for an inclined CNT embedded into matrix to study the mechanisms for improving mechanical properties of inclined CNTs reinforced composites. In this model, by employing the assumptions of constant compression stress as well as the punch strength of matrix and a perfect plastic matrix near exit point, the maximum pullout load can be predicted analytically and the entire pullout process can be characterized. Moreover, by extending the definition for inclination angle this model can be fit to more complicated loading situations. Due to all the derivations are based on assumption of continuum mechanics, this model can be used for various inclined fibers besides CNTs.