A multi-functional passive fixation lead for diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases

Cardiac pacemakers are effective interventions for arrhythmias. However, conventional pacemakers lack the capability for real-time monitoring of hemodynamic parameters, which are crucial for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases and optimizing pacing parameters. Moreover, lead dislodgement, a common complication, can lead to serious consequences such as pacing failure. In this work, we developed a multi-functional passive fixation lead using force-electric conversion materials, enabling simultaneous continuous monitoring of intracardiac blood pressure and real-time evaluation of the lead's fixation status. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the system allows for minimally invasive implantation, accurately captures blood pressure changes and can identify lead dislodgement. This study provides an integrated solution for precise diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, offering significant potential for clinical application.