A Cross-Chain Protocol Based on Main-SubChain Architecture

Addressing the current surge in blockchain applications and the increasingly significant throughput and scalability challenges of single-chain systems, we propose a cross-chain protocol based on a main-subchain architecture, utilizing a ' 1+N' model composed of a main blockchain and multiple sidechains. The main blockchain is a permissioned public blockchain that employs relay chain technology, combining the flexibility and scalability of public blockchains with the performance, security, and regulatory advantages of federated blockchains. It serves as the core of the architecture, managing and coordinating the operations of the sidechains. Sidechains maintain a high degree of independence, selecting consensus algorithms tailored to their specific business needs and processing transactions asynchronously across different chains. Cross-chain transactions are decomposed into multiple sub-transactions, which are independently processed and verified by the relevant sidechains and the committee blockchain. This architecture ensures the atomicity, consistency, and security of transactions while enhancing the system's parallel processing capability and overall performance. Finally, this paper demonstrates the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of fund security, atomicity, consistency, continuity, and dynamics through theoretical analysis.