2-Aminobenzenesulfonate acid as an efficient multifunctional additive for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Despite the rapid development of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their efficiency and stability remain the main challenges for their commercialization. A high-quality perovskite film with uniform and large grain size is the basis for efficient and stable PSCs. Organic additives with a variety of functional groups have shown great potential in improving the performance and stability of PSCs. 2-Aminobenzenesulfonate acid (2-ABS), a multifunctional additive, is incorporated into the perovskite solution to optimize the performance of PSCs. 2-ABS not only modulates perovskite crystal growth to reduce grain boundaries and enhance film crystallinity, but also passivates electronic defects at the surface and grain boundaries for effective suppression of non-radiative recombination, while simultaneously improving the moisture and thermal stability of the perovskite film. Consequently, the champion PCE of PSCs with 2-ABS has been increased from 22.84% to 24.92%. Furthermore, the target device demonstrates enhanced operational stability, retaining over 84% of its initial PCE after enduring more than 450 h of exposure to air with a relative humidity range of 25–45%. These results underscore the potential of 2-ABS as a multifunctional additive in enhancing both the performance and long-term stability of PSCs.