航天用高温铌合金研究进展

Compared with other kinds of high temperature alloys, high temperature niobium alloy has the advantages of low density, high temperature (600−1600 ℃) specific strength, excellent cold and hot formability and good welding performance, and can be processed into thin wall and complex shape parts. It is one of the important candidate materials for aerospace structural parts, which is used to manufacture the thrust chamber body extension section of attitude control/orbit control engine of rocket engine, satellite, spacecraft and missile. In order to meet the demand of space engines, several kinds of niobium alloy structure materials for rocket engine were imitated and developed on the basis of American and Russian niobium alloys, among which C-103 and Nb521 alloys were the most used. In this paper, the classification of niobium alloys, the development, application and progress of niobium alloys for aerospace applications were reviewed. The research progresses of typical C-103, PWC-11, Nb521 niobium alloys and the low-density niobium alloys under development were introduced emphatically. The existing problems in the research of niobium alloys for aerospace applications were also discussed. The research directions of the new niobium alloy with higher strength, higher toughness and lighter, and the high temperature anti-oxidation protective coating with higher temperature and longer life were prospected.