考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究

In order to address the issue of localized supply-demand mismatches and limited incentives in the current subsidy policies for charging infrastructure, this study develops a tripartite dynamic game model involving the government, charging operators and consumers. It utilizes operational data selecting from typical Chinese cities to conduct multi-scenario simulations, with the objective of examining the effects of construction subsidies, operational subsidies, and their combinations on the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the resulting socio-environmental outcomes. The findings indicate that a differentiated construction subsidy model based on charging power can more effectively guide the deployment of DC/AC charging piles in public areas with a high demand for fast charging. In residential areas, uniform per-unit subsidies have been shown to be more effective in encouraging consumer adoption and expanding the EV user base. Simulation analysis reveals that as the industry decarbonizes, preferences for fast-charging intensify and infrastructure costs decline, public-area subsidies are suggested to transition from construction-focused to hybrid approaches. When the annual environmental benefits per vehicle exceed 16000 yuan, the operation-oriented subsidies have been demonstrated to be the most effective strategy for promoting electric vehicle adoption. As the charging infrastructure industry enters a phase of high-quality development, the government should progressively reduce the scale of construction subsidies while enhancing operational subsidies. This strategy would optimize the effectiveness of policy and ensure the maximization of environmental benefits.