纳米发电机应用: 新型高压电源技术

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), as an emerging energy harvesting technology, have made rapid progress over the past decade. In addition to applications such as micro-nano energy and self-driving sensing, the output characteristics of high voltage and low current have enabled TENGs to open up a series of fruitful applications as a new high voltage power supply. For TENGs, it is relatively easy to achieve voltage outputs of hundreds or even thousands of volts, while current outputs can be maintained in the order of a few microamps, which presents opportunities to develop safe high-voltage applications such as plasma excitation, fluid and particle manipulation, air purification, sterilization, and more. This review introduces the basic theory of voltage generation by TENGs, summarizes the strategies for increasing the voltage of TENGs to tens of thousands of volts, and reviews in detail the application of these high-voltage TENGs (HV-TENGs) in the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology. Finally, the opportunities and challenges that HV-TENGs may face in the future are discussed.