电主轴多物理场耦合动力学建模研究

To address the incomplete coupling factors and oversimplified rotor structure in the motorized spindle dynamic model, a multi-physical field coupling dynamics simulation modeling was developed. The bearing model was coupled with the motor model, spindle thermal model, and shaft model, considering the factors of standard rod, tool holder, and shaft hollow structure. Due to the significant impact of internal hollow factors, coupling factors, and additional structures on the dynamic performance of the spindle system, this model is more closely aligned with the actual situation of the spindle. In the bearing model, a quasi-static nonlinear restoring force model was utilized, while in the motor model, a stator-rotor double-cylinder unbalanced magnetic pull model was employed. In the spindle thermal model, the bearing and motor heat generation and dissipation models were included. Dynamic characteristic analysis tools such as Campbell diagrams and waterfall plots were generated. Spindle rotation error tests and hammering experiments show that the model's time-domain radial displacement error remains below 10 μm at all speeds. The frequency-domain results from hammering tests exhibit a maximum error of 12.66%. The model's validity was confirmed through both dynamic and static analyses.