泵 用 机 械 密 封 和 辅 助 冲 洗 系 统 研 究现 状 及 发 展 方 向

Mechanical seals and their auxiliary flushing systems for pumps are widely used in industries such as petroleum and aerospace. Research on the sealing performance and flushing effectiveness of these systems is critical to ensuring the safe and reliable operation of equipment. This paper systematically reviewed the current research and application status of pump mechanical seals and their auxiliary flushing systems and explored future development directions based on existing technical bottlenecks and industrial trends. The results are as follows. ① In terms of sealing performance，the application of combined groove patterns， micro-texturing techniques， and novel laser-etched face designs significantly enhances the hydrodynamic effects of the liquid film and improves sealing reliability under extreme conditions. Studies on friction and lubrication，integrating acoustic emission-based dynamic monitoring and diamond-like carbon coating technology， have enabled precise analysis of friction behavior and effective wear reduction. Investigation into liquid film phase change and cavitation，using multiphysics coupling models，has clarified the relationship between vaporization thresholds and seal failure，providing a theoretical basis for seal optimization in special operating conditions such as cryogenic liquid hydrogen pumps. ② In research on auxiliary flushing systems，numerical simulations，and engineering modifications have effectively regulated liquid film parameters and adapted to environments containing particles or high-temperature media. ③ In industrial applications，double mechanical seals and API-standard configurations are widely employed for multiphase flow sealing in the petroleum sector. Triple tandem seals ensure safety in high-pressure environments such as nuclear power facilities，while gas film seals and redundant structures meet the demands of high speed and lightweight in aerospace applications. Finally， the paper outlined future development directions in three key areas：intelligent control technologies，adaptive pressure regulation，and novel sealing materials. This study provides a reference for the development of mechanical seals and auxiliary flushing systems for pumps.