智能网联无人机运行风险分析与管控建议

The intelligence and networking of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will greatly expand their functional boundaries and potential application scenarios, which is conducive to supporting the construction of future low-altitude operation systems. During the operation of UAVs, functional abnormalities or malfunctions may occur in their newly added intelligent and networked systems, leading to new safety risks. To analyze the corresponding incremental operational risks, this study clarifies the system architecture and hierarchical classification operation mode of intelligent connected UAVs, and proposes a risk assessment principle for the newly added functions of intelligent connected UAVs based on unified acceptable safety levels and differentiated target safety levels. Focusing on the two core functions of detection and avoidance (DAA) in UAV intelligence and command, control, and communication link (C3 link) in networked systems, the study analyzes the fault/failure paths and accident consequences of the corresponding functions coupled with human, machine, environmental, and management hazards. Based on the constraints of target safety level management and technological improvements, risk control measures for the addition of key system functions in UAVs are proposed. The research provides paradigms and recommendations for the safety design, operation management, risk assessment, and control framework of low-altitude intelligent connected UAVs.