异步共识协议研究综述

As the underlying core technology of blockchain, consensus protocols have received much attention from researchers in recent years and have achieved many research results. The asynchronous consensus protocols are a class of classical distributed consensus protocols that do not rely on any time assumption. This paper studies the existing asynchronous consensus protocols from the perspectives of design principles, performance, and security properties. Firstly, the main construction primitives of asynchronous consensus protocols are summarized and classified according to the different functionality. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the design principles of typical protocols in various consensus primitives. Secondly, for each type of consensus primitives, this paper dialectically analyzes the performance of typical protocols and discusses their security properties and existing problems. Finally, this paper points out some research hotspots and development directions of asynchronous consensus protocols with respect to security, performance, and functionality.