基于 GPM 卫星数据的海面阵风计算方法研究

Ocean surface gusts are of great significance for marine resource utilization, ocean research, and the safety of maritime transportation and engineering. However, observational methods are limited, and surface gust data remain scarce. In this study, we employ the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite. Brightness temperatures from GMI are used to correct Ku-band backscattering coefficients, which are then combined with ERA5 surface wind speeds to retrieve sea surface gusts, thereby enhancing gust retrieval capability. The results show that the retrieved gusts achieve a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.93 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.81 m/s compared with ERA5 gusts, and R = 0.78 with RMSE = 1.88 m/s against NDBC buoy data. Retrievals from the HY-2B satellite using the same method yield R = 0.90 and RMSE = 1.84 m/s against buoy observations. Replacing ERA5 wind speeds with buoy measurements as reference further improves the retrieval accuracy of both GPM and HY-2B, highlighting the importance of accurate surface wind input. Moreover, due to its active–passive observation frequencies being more consistent with buoy observations, the GPM satellite achieves higher gust retrieval accuracy than HY-2B.