Voltage driven chemiresistor with ultralow power consumption based on self-heating bridged WO₃ nanowires

Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based chemiresistors have been widely used for detecting harmful gases in many industrial and indoor/outdoor applications, which possess the advantages of small size, low cost, integratability, and ease of use. However, power consumption has become a critical parameter for practical applications. Several methods have been explored to reduce power consumption including reducing the operation temperature, use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and self-heating working mode. Among them, the self-heating working mode has attracted significant attention. Herein, a facile approach of modulating bridged NW chemiresistor by Joule heating effect is proposed to combine both the superiority of single crystal nanowire (NW) carrier channels and power consumption optimization of the self-heating mode. The WO₃-bridged NW chemiresistors and WO₃ film NW chemiresistors are both constructed to investigate gas responses and power consumption. Substantially magnified electrical responses (R_g/R_a) of WO₃ NW chemiresistor toward NO₂ is demonstrated by constructing a bridged structure. Under the optimal external heating condition, the responses of chemiresistors toward 5 ppm NO₂ can be boosted from 369.7 (film NW) to 1089.7 (bridged NW). The responses to 5 ppm NO₂ under the self-heating mode also can be boosted from 13.6 (film NW) to 24.6 (bridged NW) with a drastically declined power consumption. Self-heating bridged NWs allows for localizing the Joule heat within the nanojunction, and thus substantially lowers the power consumption to 0.13 μW (300 °C). This provides an additional opportunity for reducing power consumption of oxide chemiresistors for air quality monitoring in future.