VM-Studio: A Universal Crosschain Smart Contract Verification and Execution Scheme

Blockchain interoperability promotes value delivery, application expansion, and ecological compatibility across heterogeneous blockchain systems. However, the contract framework and virtual machine construction in these systems are significantly different, and crosschaining becomes a challenging issue for system universality and compatibility. Starting from this problem, in this study, we propose VM-Studio, a crosschain smart contract verification and execution scheme to migrate the virtual machines (VMs) from the origin blockchain to the target blockchain. In our scheme, the migrated VMs are loaded as independent components enclosed in containers. We also design a unified system schedule to enable VM-Studio to allocate transactions into different containers. Loaded with origin blockchain VMs, these containers can accordingly solve crosschain transaction execution and smart contract verification. We implement VM-Studio and evaluate the transaction execution performance in the origin environment with multiple blockchains and the container environment. Experiment results demonstrate that VM-Studio achieves broad universality without compromising the execution performance of original blockchain transactions.