VLM-MSGraph: Vision Language Model-enabled Multi-hierarchical Scene Graph for robotic assembly

Intelligent robotic assembly is becoming a pivotal component of the manufacturing sector, driven by growing demands for flexibility, sustainability, and resilience. Robots in manufacturing environments need perception, decision-making, and manipulation skills to support the flexible production of diverse products. However, traditional robotic assembly systems typically rely on time-consuming training processes specific to fixed settings, lacking generalization and zero-shot learning capabilities. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a Vision Language Model-enabled Multi-hierarchical Scene Graph (VLM-MSGraph) approach for robotic assembly, featuring generalized assembly sequence learning and 3D manipulation in open scenarios. The MSGraph incorporates high-level task planning structured as triplets, organized by multiple VLM agents. At a low level, the MSGraph retains 3D spatial relationships between industrial parts, enabling the robot to perform assembly tasks while accounting for object geometry for effective manipulation. Assembly drawings, physics simulations, and assembly tasks in a laboratory setting are used to evaluate the proposed system, advancing flexible automation in robotics.