Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms

LHAASO Collaboration

Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms

LHAASO Collaboration

Southwest Jiaotong University
CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of Science and Technology of China
University of Science and Technology of China
Nanjing University
Guangzhou University
Hebei Normal University
CAS - Purple Mountain Observatory
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
CAS - Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Tibet University
CAS - National Astronomical Observatories
Sun Yat-Sen University
Yunnan University
University of Geneva
Shandong University
Observatoire de Paris
Tsinghua University
Zhengzhou University
Sichuan University
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Peking University
Guangxi University
Mahidol University
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Nanchang University
CAS - National Space Science Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

Abstract

A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A contains 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). For each shower event that meets the trigger conditions (at least 20 fired EDs within a time window of 400 ns) in KM2A array, there are many signals from ED and MD detectors. The information on the arrival time and location of each signal are recorded, and the ED hits are used for shower reconstruction. Due to the acceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field (AEF) during a thunderstorm, the arrival time and position of the ground-level particles are modified, resulting in the changes in the inferred shower detection. To understand the shower event variation during thunderstorms, the particle arrival time is studied by analyzing the KM2A data. We can measure the distribution of changes of arrival time in the thunderstorm electric field. The variation amplitude is not only dependent on the AEF, but also highly correlated with the direction of the shower event. With the increase of the AEF strength and the zenith angle, the variation in amplitude of the arrival time becomes larger. Our results are useful in understanding the variation of shower rate detected by LHAASO-KM2A, and will also provide important information for shower reconstruction during thunderstorms.

Original language	English
Article number	182
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	444
State	Published - 27 Sep 2024
Externally published	Yes
Event	38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023 - Nagoya, Japan Duration: 26 Jul 2023 → 3 Aug 2023

Keywords

Arrival time
LHAASO-KM2A
Thunderstorm

Cite this

@article{b2cf30e8029e49d9a2d4ff16a9b9b046,

title = "Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms",

abstract = "A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A contains 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). For each shower event that meets the trigger conditions (at least 20 fired EDs within a time window of 400 ns) in KM2A array, there are many signals from ED and MD detectors. The information on the arrival time and location of each signal are recorded, and the ED hits are used for shower reconstruction. Due to the acceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field (AEF) during a thunderstorm, the arrival time and position of the ground-level particles are modified, resulting in the changes in the inferred shower detection. To understand the shower event variation during thunderstorms, the particle arrival time is studied by analyzing the KM2A data. We can measure the distribution of changes of arrival time in the thunderstorm electric field. The variation amplitude is not only dependent on the AEF, but also highly correlated with the direction of the shower event. With the increase of the AEF strength and the zenith angle, the variation in amplitude of the arrival time becomes larger. Our results are useful in understanding the variation of shower rate detected by LHAASO-KM2A, and will also provide important information for shower reconstruction during thunderstorms.",

keywords = "Arrival time, LHAASO-KM2A, Thunderstorm",

author = "\{LHAASO Collaboration\} and Xuejian Chen and Xunxiu Zhou and Ci Yang and Daihui Huang and Zhen Cao and F. Aharonian and Q. An and Axikegu and Bai, \{Y. X.\} and Bao, \{Y. W.\} and D. Bastieri and Bi, \{X. J.\} and Bi, \{Y. J.\} and Cai, \{J. T.\} and Q. Cao and Cao, \{W. Y.\} and Zhe Cao and J. Chang and Chang, \{J. F.\} and Chen, \{A. M.\} and Chen, \{E. S.\} and Liang Chen and Lin Chen and Long Chen and Chen, \{M. J.\} and Chen, \{M. L.\} and Chen, \{Q. H.\} and Chen, \{S. H.\} and Chen, \{S. Z.\} and Chen, \{T. L.\} and Y. Chen and N. Cheng and Cheng, \{Y. D.\} and Cui, \{M. Y.\} and Cui, \{S. W.\} and Cui, \{X. H.\} and Cui, \{Y. D.\} and Dai, \{B. Z.\} and Dai, \{H. L.\} and Dai, \{Z. G.\} and Danzengluobu and \{della Volpe\}, D. and Dong, \{X. Q.\} and Duan, \{K. K.\} and Fan, \{J. H.\} and Fan, \{Y. Z.\} and J. Fang and K. Fang and Feng, \{C. F.\} and Geng, \{L. S.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.; 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023 ; Conference date: 26-07-2023 Through 03-08-2023",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "27",

language = "英语",

volume = "444",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

publisher = "Sissa Medialab Srl",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms

AU - LHAASO Collaboration

AU - Chen, Xuejian

AU - Zhou, Xunxiu

AU - Yang, Ci

AU - Huang, Daihui

AU - Cao, Zhen

AU - Aharonian, F.

AU - An, Q.

AU - Axikegu,

AU - Bai, Y. X.

AU - Bao, Y. W.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bi, X. J.

AU - Bi, Y. J.

AU - Cai, J. T.

AU - Cao, Q.

AU - Cao, W. Y.

AU - Cao, Zhe

AU - Chang, J.

AU - Chang, J. F.

AU - Chen, A. M.

AU - Chen, E. S.

AU - Chen, Liang

AU - Chen, Lin

AU - Chen, Long

AU - Chen, M. J.

AU - Chen, M. L.

AU - Chen, Q. H.

AU - Chen, S. H.

AU - Chen, S. Z.

AU - Chen, T. L.

AU - Chen, Y.

AU - Cheng, N.

AU - Cheng, Y. D.

AU - Cui, M. Y.

AU - Cui, S. W.

AU - Cui, X. H.

AU - Cui, Y. D.

AU - Dai, B. Z.

AU - Dai, H. L.

AU - Dai, Z. G.

AU - Danzengluobu,

AU - della Volpe, D.

AU - Dong, X. Q.

AU - Duan, K. K.

AU - Fan, J. H.

AU - Fan, Y. Z.

AU - Fang, J.

AU - Fang, K.

AU - Feng, C. F.

AU - Geng, L. S.

PY - 2024/9/27

Y1 - 2024/9/27

N2 - A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A contains 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). For each shower event that meets the trigger conditions (at least 20 fired EDs within a time window of 400 ns) in KM2A array, there are many signals from ED and MD detectors. The information on the arrival time and location of each signal are recorded, and the ED hits are used for shower reconstruction. Due to the acceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field (AEF) during a thunderstorm, the arrival time and position of the ground-level particles are modified, resulting in the changes in the inferred shower detection. To understand the shower event variation during thunderstorms, the particle arrival time is studied by analyzing the KM2A data. We can measure the distribution of changes of arrival time in the thunderstorm electric field. The variation amplitude is not only dependent on the AEF, but also highly correlated with the direction of the shower event. With the increase of the AEF strength and the zenith angle, the variation in amplitude of the arrival time becomes larger. Our results are useful in understanding the variation of shower rate detected by LHAASO-KM2A, and will also provide important information for shower reconstruction during thunderstorms.

AB - A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A contains 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). For each shower event that meets the trigger conditions (at least 20 fired EDs within a time window of 400 ns) in KM2A array, there are many signals from ED and MD detectors. The information on the arrival time and location of each signal are recorded, and the ED hits are used for shower reconstruction. Due to the acceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field (AEF) during a thunderstorm, the arrival time and position of the ground-level particles are modified, resulting in the changes in the inferred shower detection. To understand the shower event variation during thunderstorms, the particle arrival time is studied by analyzing the KM2A data. We can measure the distribution of changes of arrival time in the thunderstorm electric field. The variation amplitude is not only dependent on the AEF, but also highly correlated with the direction of the shower event. With the increase of the AEF strength and the zenith angle, the variation in amplitude of the arrival time becomes larger. Our results are useful in understanding the variation of shower rate detected by LHAASO-KM2A, and will also provide important information for shower reconstruction during thunderstorms.

KW - Arrival time

KW - LHAASO-KM2A

KW - Thunderstorm

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85212281823

M3 - 会议文章

AN - SCOPUS:85212281823

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 444

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 182

T2 - 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

Y2 - 26 July 2023 through 3 August 2023

ER -

Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms

Abstract

Keywords

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