Three-dimensional cooperative guidance for simultaneous attack with specified impact time based on fixed-time convergence

In this paper, distributed three-dimensional (3D) cooperative guidance laws are designed for leader–follower multiple missiles to achieve simultaneous attack at a specified time. The guidance laws are derived from the biased proportional navigation guidance (PNG) law. Two fixed-time distributed algorithms with time-varying coefficients are proposed to track the state of the leader under undirected and directed topologies, respectively. The upper bounds of convergence times for the tracking algorithms are obtained. The biased guidance terms of followers are designed to track the leader with the proposed algorithms and the biased guidance term of the leader is designed to achieve specified impact time. Then, an auxiliary function is included into the biased guidance terms to meet the field-of-view (FOV) constraints. The leading angles' properties and convergence times under the proposed guidance laws are further analyzed. Numerical simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative guidance laws.