Three-Dimensional All-Aspect Homing Guidance Against Maneuvering Targets Considering Velocity Variation

Three-dimensional all-aspect homing guidance problems against arbitrarily maneuvering targets are investigated. First, the guidance dynamics accounting for varying speeds are formulated, and the instantaneous relative velocity frame is constructed to analyze the effect of acceleration on the lead angle. Then, a varying-gain proportional navigation (PN) law is designed. The prescribed distance convergence of the zero-effort-miss and the upper bound of the missile's normal acceleration are analyzed. The modified PN law is further developed in combination with the additional bias acceleration term to reduce the magnitude of the required acceleration. Moreover, the normal acceleration vector is decomposed into pitch and yaw directions. The extended guidance law is derived to suppress acceleration chattering while ensuring guidance performance. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed analytical results.