Theoretical simulation of the ion current rectification (ICR) in nano-pores based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) model

Ion current rectification is an important phenomenon for diode-like nano-channels, which can give the ion-selectivity of the channel. Using the PNP model for theoretical simulation can help to investigate the ICR properties, as well as to calculate the rectification ratio and profile of ion concentration along the channel. In this review, we will present the main factors that will influence the ICR effect, which are the surface charge density, the electrolyte solution concentration gradient, and the shape or geometry of the nano-pore. The applications of the PNP model used for the theoretical simulation on these factors will also be discussed.