The development of GFETs for biometric applications

Due to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide attributed to an aging population and the development of big data and artificial intelligence (AI), there is a significant demand for healthcare and long-term disease monitoring. As an emerging sensing technology, graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) sensors are anticipated to become the backbone of future large-scale electronic applications, owing to their rapid and accurate disease diagnosis capabilities, excellent biocompatibility, and ease of system integration. This review summarizes the recent advances in biosensing applications using GFETs. Initially, the working mechanism of GFETs for biosensing is briefly introduced, followed by an outline of various gate configuration strategies employed in GFETs and a discussion on methods for enhancing sensing performance. The multiplexing capabilities and flexible wearable applications of GFETs are then summarized and highlighted, aiming to increase the diversity and applicability of these sensors. Subsequently, a comprehensive survey of the advancements in the integration and miniaturization of multi-component GFET biosensors is discussed. Moreover, this review provides an outlook on the challenges and prospects associated with the commercialization of GFET technology in the biosensing field.